Original Articles
26 November 2020
Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2020.863

Spatial and temporal analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus in an area of social vulnerability in Northeast Brazil

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HIV, social vulnerability, spatiotemporal analysis, epidemiology, Brazil.
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Authors

Géssyca Cavalcante de Melo
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6774-857X
State University of Health Sciences of Alagoas, Alagoas; Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil.
Emilia Carolle Azevedo de Oliveira
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0957-1542
Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Iane Brito Leal
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2164-0491
Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil.
Carolina Piedade Morais de Freitas Soares Silva
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1912-4770
Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Roberta Andrade Beltrão
Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Allan Dantas dos Santos
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-1887
Postgraduate in Nursing, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil.
Renata Karina Reis
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-4721
University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Marco Antônio Prado Nunes
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5244-5843
Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil.
Karina Conceição Gomes Machado de Araujo
karinaconceicaoaraujo@gmail.com
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4433-5227
Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection still represents an important public health problem, because it involves clinical, epidemiological, social, economic and political issues. We analyzed the temporal and spatial pattern of the HIV incidence in an area of social inequality in northeast Brazil and its association with socioeconomic indicators. An ecological study was carried out with a focus on all HIV cases reported in Alagoas State, Northeast Brazil from 2007 to 2016 using its 102 municipalities as the units of our analysis. Data from the Brazilian information systems were used. Georeferenced data were analyzed using TerraView 4.2.2 software, QGis 2.18.2 and GeoDa 1.14.0. Time trend analyses were performed by the Joinpoint Regression software and the spatial analyses included the empirical Bayesian model and Moran autocorrelation. Spatial regression was used to determine the influence of space on HIV incidence rate and socioeconomic inequalities. There was an increasing trend of HIV rates, especially in the municipalities of the interior. Significant spatial correlations were observed with the formation of clusters with emphasis on the coast of the state and in tourist regions. Spatial regression explained 46% of the dependent variable. The HIV incidence rate was positively influenced by rate of primary health care units (P=0.00), and negatively by Gini index (P=0.00) and proportion of heads of household without or low education (P=0.02). We conclude that the relationship found between indicators of better socioeconomic conditions and HIV infection suggests unequal access to the diagnosis of infection. Prevention and control strategies can be established according to each epidemiological reality.

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Spatial and temporal analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus in an area of social vulnerability in Northeast Brazil. (2020). Geospatial Health, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2020.863
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