Impact Factor 2024

Search

Search Results

##search.searchResults.foundPlural##

Habitat suitability map of Ixodes ricinus tick in France using multi-criteria analysis

Isabelle Lebert, Séverine Bord, Christine Saint-Andrieux, Eva Cassar, Patrick Gasqui, Frédéric Beugnet, Karine Chalvet-Monfray, Sophie O. Vanwambeke, Gwenaël Vourc’h, Magalie René-Martellet

17-05-2022

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2022.1058

6689

PDF: 2531

Appendix: 372

HTML: 323
Local landscape effects on population dynamics of Ixodes ricinus

Naveed Asghar, Mona Petersson, Magnus Johansson, Patrik Dinnetz

21-11-2016

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.487

3394

PDF: 1430

HTML: 836
Spatial abundance and human biting rate of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus in savannah and rice agro-ecosystems of Central Tanzania

Leonard E.G. Mboera, Veneranda M. Bwana, Susan F. Rumisha, Grades Stanley, Patrick K. Tungu, Robert C. Malima

18-05-2015

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2015.322

3177

PDF: 1477

HTML: 1417
The spatial and seasonal distribution of Bulinus truncatus, Bulinus forskalii and Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the intermediate host snails of schistosomiasis, in N'Djamena, Chad

Wendelin Moser, Helena Greter, Christian Schindler, Fiona Allan, Bongo N. R. Ngandolo, Daugla D. Moto, Jürg Utzinger, Jakob Zinsstag

109-118

01-11-2014

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2014.9

6409

PDF: 2139
Abundance modelling of invasive and indigenous Culicoides species in Spain

Els Ducheyne, Miguel A. Miranda Chueca, Javier Lucientes, Carlos Calvete, Rosa Estrada, Gert-Jan Boender, Els Goossens, Eva M. De Clercq, Guy Hendrickx

241-254

01-11-2013

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2013.70

2401

PDF: 1052
Urban environmental clustering to assess the spatial dynamics of Aedes aegypti breeding sites

Guillermo Albrieu-Llinás, Manuel O. Espinosa, Agustín Quaglia, Marcelo Abril, Carlos Marcelo Scavuzzo

07-05-2018

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2018.654

3100

PDF: 1449

HTML: 197
A review of spatial technologies with applications for malaria transmission modelling and control in Africa

Michael T. Gebreslasie

26-11-2015

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2015.328

6336

PDF: 2615

HTML: 3128
Developing operational algorithms using linear and non-linear squares estimation in Python® for the identification of Culex pipiens and Culex restuans in a mosquito abatement district (Cook County, Illinois, USA)

Benjamin G. Jacob, Weidong Gu, Erik X. Caamano, Robert J. Novak

157-176

01-05-2009

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2009.218

1606

PDF: 1022
Predicting the spatial distribution of Biomphalaria straminea, a potential intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni, in China

Mohamed R. Habib, Yun-Hai Guo, Shan Lv, Wen-Biao Gu, Xiao-Heng Li, Xiao-Nong Zhou

29-11-2016

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.453

3961

PDF: 1495

HTML: 1144
Spatial pattern evolution of Aedes aegypti breeding sites in an Argentinean city without a dengue vector control programme

Manuel O. Espinosa, Francisco Polop, Camilo H. Rotela, Marcelo Abril, Carlos M. Scavuzzo

21-11-2016

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.471

4114

PDF: 1588

APPENDIX: 552

HTML: 1540
Effects of weather and landscape on the equine West Nile virus infection risk in Mississippi, USA

Guiming Wang

04-11-2015

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2015.357

2146

PDF: 1374

HTML: 954
The influence of urban heat islands and socioeconomic factors on the spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti larval habitats

Thiago S. de Azevedo, Brian Patrick Bourke, Rafael Piovezan, Maria Anice M. Sallum

08-05-2018

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2018.623

3085

PDF: 1470

HTML: 563
Analytical report of the 2016 dengue outbreak in CÃ³rdoba city, Argentina

Camilo Rotela, Laura Lopez, María Frías Céspedes, Gabriela Barbas, Andrés Lighezzolo, Ximena Porcasi, Mario A. Lanfri, Carlos M. Scavuzzo, David E. Gorla

06-11-2017

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2017.564

3441

PDF: 1352

HTML: 861
Ecological characterization of a cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreak through remotely sensed land cover changes

Verónica Andreo, Juan Rosa, Karina Ramos, O. Daniel Salomón

06-05-2022

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2022.1033

1795

PDF: 918

Appendix: 162

HTML: 38
Can landscape metrics help determine the Culicoides imicola distribution in Italy?

Carla Ippoliti, Marius Gilbert, Sabine Vanhuysse, Maria Goffredo, Giuseppe Satta, Eléonore Wolff, Annamaria Conte

267-277

01-11-2013

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2013.72

1881

PDF: 1007
Environmental and geographical factors influence malaria transmission in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa

Osadolor Ebhuoma, Michael Gebreslasie, Oswaldo Villena, Ali Arab

09-06-2025

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2025.1370

1200

PDF: 778

HTML: 121
A breeding site model for regional, dynamical malaria simulations evaluated using in situ temporary ponds observations

Ernest O. Asare, Adrian M. Tompkins, Leonard K. Amekudzi, Volker Ermert

31-03-2016

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.390

2844

PDF: 1186

HTML: 1136
Comparison of single- and multi-scale models for the prediction of the Culicoides biting midge distribution in Germany

Renke Lühken, Jörn Martin Gethmann, Petra Kranz, Pia Steffenhagen, Christoph Staubach, Franz J. Conraths, Ellen Kiel

31-05-2016

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.405

3339

PDF: 1094

HTML: 1460
Spatial analysis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Iran based on environmental factors

Roghieh Ramezankhani, Nooshin Sajjadi, Roya Nezakati Esmaeilzadeh, Seyed Ali Jozi, Mohammad Reza Shirzadi

08-11-2017

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2017.578

2859

PDF: 1080

HTML: 947
Diluting the dilution effect: a spatial Lyme model provides evidence for the importance of habitat fragmentation with regard to the risk of infection

Agustín Estrada-Peña

143-155

01-05-2009

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2009.217

2042

PDF: 1043
Seasonal relationship between normalized difference vegetation index and abundance of the Phlebotomus kala-azar vector in an endemic focus in Bihar, India

Gouri S. Bhunia, Shreekant Kesari, Nandini Chatterjee, Rakesh Mandal, Vijay Kumar, Pradeep Das

51-62

01-11-2012

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2012.104

2087

PDF: 1245
Estimating the global abundance of ground level presence of particulate matter (PM2.5)

David J. Lary, Fazlay S. Faruque, Nabin Malakar, Alex Moore, Bryan Roscoe, Zachary L. Adams, York Eggelston

S611-S630

01-12-2014

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2014.292

6253

PDF: 2554
The epidemiology and small-scale spatial heterogeneity of urinary schistosomiasis in Lusaka province, Zambia

Christopher Simoonga, Lawrence N. Kazembe, Thomas K. Kristensen, Annette Olsen, Chris C. Appleton, Patricia Mubita, Likezo Mubila

57-67

01-11-2008

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2008.232

3128

PDF: 1122
Venomous snakebite risk and its implications in Zacatecas State, Mexico 2007-2017

Jesús Lenin Lara-Galván, Manuel Montesino-San Martín, Xabier Herrero Otero, Juan Felipe Martínez-Montoya, José Jesús Sigala-Rodríguez, Ana Márcia Barbosa

05-11-2025

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2025.1404

564

PDF: 302

Supplementary materials: 74

HTML: 8
Spatial dispersal of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes captured by the modified sticky ovitrap in Selangor, Malaysia

Muhammad Aidil Roslan, Romano Ngui, Muhammad Fathi Marzuki, Indra Vythilingam, Aziz Shafie, Sabri Musa, Wan Yusoff Wan Sulaiman

11-05-2022

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2022.1025

1934

PDF: 864

Annex I-VI: 156

HTML: 71
Visualization of schistosomiasis snail habitats using light unmanned aerial vehicles

Andrew J. Chamberlin, Isabel J. Jones, Andrea J. Lund, Nicolas Jouanard, Gilles Riveau, Raphaël Ndione, Susanne H. Sokolow, Chelsea L. Wood, Kevin D. Lafferty, Giulio A. De Leo

08-01-2021

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2020.818

1682

HTML: 96

PDF: 868
Estimating malaria burden in Nigeria: a geostatistical modelling approach

Nnadozie Onyiri

04-11-2015

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2015.306

7566

PDF: 3162

HTML: 3275
Space and time predictions of schistosomiasis snail host population dynamics across hydrologic regimes in Burkina Faso

Javier Perez-Saez, Theophile Mande, Andrea Rinaldo

06-11-2019

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2019.796

1450

PDF: 910

APPENDIX: 283

HTML: 70
TerraSAR-X high-resolution radar remote sensing: an operational warning system for Rift Valley fever risk

Cécile Vignolles, Yves M. Tourre, Oscar Mora, Laurent Imanache, Murielle Lafaye

23-31

01-11-2010

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2010.184

1503

PDF: 926
Assessing the effects of air temperature and rainfall on malaria incidence: an epidemiological study across Rwanda and Uganda

Felipe J. Colòn-González, Adrian M. Tompkins, Riccardo Biondi, Jean Pierre Bizimana, Didacus Bambaiha Namanya

31-03-2016

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.379

6393

PDF: 2336

Appendix: 632

HTML: 3324

Appendix: 249
Ecological niche modeling for visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Bahia, Brazil, using genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction and growing degree day-water budget analysis

Prixia Nieto, John B. Malone, Maria E. Bavia

115-126

01-11-2006

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2006.286

2160

PDF: 936
Assessing the relationship between environmental factors and malaria vector breeding sites in Swaziland using multi-scale remotely sensed data

Sabelo Nick Dlamini, Jonas Franke, Penelope Vounatsou

03-06-2015

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2015.302

4410

PDF: 1820

HTML: 1752
Present habitat suitability for Anopheles atroparvus (Diptera, Culicidae) and its coincidence with former malaria areas in mainland Portugal

César Capinha, Eduardo Gomes, Eusébio Reis, Jorge Rocha, Carla A. Sousa, V. E. do Rosário, A. Paulo Almeida

177-187

01-05-2009

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2009.219

34166

PDF: 1077
Modelling homogeneous regions of social vulnerability to malaria in Rwanda

Jean Pierre Bizimana, Stefan Kienberger, Michael Hagenlocher, Emmanuel Twarabamenye

31-03-2016

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.404

3820

PDF: 1863

HTML: 2249
Earth observation in support of malaria control and epidemiology: MALAREO monitoring approaches

Jonas Franke, Michael Gebreslasie, Ides Bauwens, Julie Deleu, Florian Siegert

03-06-2015

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2015.335

4564

PDF: 1631

HTML: 1219
Mapping malaria risk using geographic information systems and remote sensing: The case of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia

Amare Sewnet Minale, Kalkidan Alemu

07-05-2018

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2018.660

7236

PDF: 2513

HTML: 1226
Seasonality and timing of peak abundance of Aedes albopictus in Europe: Implications to public and animal health

Mina Petrić, Els Ducheyne, Céline M. Gossner, Cedric Marsboom, GaÃ«lle Nicolas, Roger Venail, Guy Hendrickx, Francis Schaffner

14-05-2021

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2021.996

4558

PDF: 1325

HTML: 114
Socio-environmental variables and transmission risk of lymphatic filariasis in central and northern Mozambique

Isabel Manhenje, M. Teresa Galán-Puchades, Márius V. Fuentes

391-398

01-05-2013

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2013.96

2953

PDF: 1428
Environmental change and Rift Valley fever in eastern Africa: projecting beyond HEALTHY FUTURES

David Taylor, Michael Hagenlocher, Anne E. Jones, Stefan Kienberger, Joseph Leedale, Andrew P. Morse

31-03-2016

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.387

6485

PDF: 2019

HTML: 2188
Spatial-temporal risk factors in the occurrence of rabies in Mexico

Reyna Ortega-Sánchez, Isabel Bárcenas-Reyes, Jesús Luna-Cozar, Edith Rojas-Anaya, José Quintín Cuador-Gil, Germinal Jorge Cantó-Alarcón, Nerina Veyna-Salazar, Sara González-Ruiz, Feliciano Milián-Suazo

30-01-2024

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2024.1245

4598

PDF: 1379

HTML: 1070
Spatial prediction of the risk of exposure to Echinococcus spp. among schoolchildren and dogs in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China

Angela M. Cadavid Restrepo, Yu Rong Yang, Donald P. McManus, Darren J. Gray, Tamsin S. Barnes, Gail M. Williams, Ricardo J. Soares Magalhães, Archie C.A. Clements

07-05-2018

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2018.644

2207

PDF: 957

HTML: 91
A dynamic, climate-driven model of Rift Valley fever

Joseph Leedale, Anne E. Jones, Cyril Caminade, Andrew P. Morse

31-03-2016

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.394

4772

PDF: 2049

Appendix: 573

HTML: 1591
Understanding the spatial non-stationarity in the relationships between malaria incidence and environmental risk factors using Geographically Weighted Random Forest: A case study in Rwanda

Gilbert Nduwayezu, Pengxiang Zhao, Clarisse Kagoyire, Lina Eklund, Jean Pierre Bizimana, Petter Pilesjo, Ali Mansourian

25-05-2023

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2023.1184

3150

PDF: 1653

HTML: 190
Mapping of zones potentially occupied by Aedes vexans and Culex poicilipes mosquitoes, the main vectors of Rift Valley fever in Senegal

Yves M. Tourre, Jean-Pierre Lacaux, Cecile Vignolles, Jacques-André Ndione, Murielle Lafaye

69-79

01-11-2008

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2008.233

1566

PDF: 926
A Bayesian spatiotemporal Poisson conditional autoregressive model for dengue haemorrhagic fever in Indonesia integrating satellite-generated environmental data

Sukarna Sukarna, Hari Wijayanto, Yenni Angraini, Anang Kurnia

18-07-2025

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2025.1379

1166

PDF: 549

HTML: 52
Spatial patterns and eco-epidemiological systems - part II: characterising spatial patterns of the occurrence of the insect vectors of Chagas disease based on remote sensing and field data

Emmanuel Roux, Annamaria de Fátima VenÃ¢ncio, Jean-François Girres, Christine A. Romaña

53-64

01-11-2011

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2011.157

1520

PDF: 841
Mosquito breeding site water temperature observations and simulations towards improved vector-borne disease models for Africa

Ernest O. Asare, Adrian M. Tompkins, Leonard K. Amekudzi, Volker Ermert, Robert Redl

31-03-2016

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.391

3076

PDF: 1680

HTML: 4863
Sentiment analysis using a lexicon-based approach in Lisbon, Portugal

Iuria Betco, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, David S. Vale, Luis Encalada-Abarca, Cláudia M. Viana, Jorge Rocha

24-04-2025

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2025.1344

1263

PDF: 479

Supplementary Materials: 187

HTML: 80
Spatial patterns and eco-epidemiological systems - part I: multi-scale spatial modelling of the occurrence of Chagas disease insect vectors

Emmanuel Roux, Annamaria de Fátima VenÃ¢ncio, Jean-François Girres, Christine A. Romaña

41-51

01-11-2011

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2011.156

1562

PDF: 967
Climate change and the potential global distribution of Aedes aegypti: spatial modelling using geographical information system and CLIMEX

Hassan M. Khormi, Lalit Kumar

405-415

01-05-2014

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2014.29

10165

PDF: 4826
A GIS framework for the assessment of tick impact on human health in a changing climate

Agustin Estrada-Peña, José M. Venzal

157-168

01-05-2007

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2007.264

2217

PDF: 1281
Adjusted, non-Euclidean cluster detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Chesapeake Bay, USA

Anton Kvit, Benjamin Davis, John Jacobs, Frank C. Curriero

06-11-2019

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2019.783

1751

PDF: 742

HTML: 79
Snakebite epidemiology in the State of Mexico, Mexico 2003-2024

Aldo Gómez-Benitez, Erika Adriana Reyes-Velázquez, Edgar Oviedo-Hernández, Laura Sonia Arzate-Garay, Justin Lloyd Rheubert, Oswaldo Hernández-Gallegos

09-04-2026

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2026.1468

396

PDF: 209

Supplementary Materials: 26

HTML: 4
A 24-year exploratory spatial data analysis of Lyme disease incidence rate in Connecticut, USA

Abolfazl Mollalo, Jason K. Blackburn, Lillian R. Morris, Gregory E. Glass

08-11-2017

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2017.588

3158

PDF: 1349

HTML: 1025
The spatial distribution of injuries in need of surgical intervention in Nepal

Shailvi Gupta, Thomas A. Groen, Barclay T. Stewart, Sunil Shrestha, David A. Spiegel, Benedict C. Nwomeh, Reinou S. Groen, Adam L. Kushner

31-05-2016

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.359

3589

PDF: 1291

HTML: 1110
Dengue risk-mapping in an Amazonian locality in Colombia based on regression and multi-criteria analysis

Maria Camila Lesmes , Alvaro Ávila-Díaz, Erika Santamaría, Carlos Andrés Morales , Horacio Cadena, Patricia Fuya, Nicolas Frutos, Ximena Porcasi, Catalina Marceló-Díaz

04-06-2025

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2025.1292

1706

PDF: 448

HTML: 47
Geostatistical modelling of the malaria risk in Mozambique: effect of the spatial resolution when using remotely-sensed imagery

Federica Giardina, Jonas Franke, Penelope Vounatsou

26-11-2015

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2015.333

3762

PDF: 1679

HTML: 1207
Moran’s I and Geary’s C: investigation of the effects of spatial weight matrices for assessing the distribution of infectious diseases

Sarah Isnan, Ahmad Fikri bin Abdullah, Abdul Rashid Shariff, Iskandar Ishak, Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail, Maheshwara Rao Appanan

07-04-2025

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2025.1277

2253

PDF: 805

Supplementary materials: 194

HTML: 110
Urban gentrification and infectious diseases: an interdisciplinary narrative review

Behzad Kiani, Gabriel Parker, Senobar Naderian, Colleen L. Lau, Benn Sartorius

07-07-2025

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2025.1388

1320

PDF: 557

HTML: 87
Asthmatic symptoms and air pollution: a panel study on children living in the Italian Po Valley

Andrea Ranzi, Anna Freni Sterrantino, Francesco Forastiere, Claudio Sartini, Giovanna Casale, Rino Cavallini, Aldo De Togni, Lorenza Gallo, Paolo Lauriola

26-11-2015

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2015.366

3432

PDF: 1574

HTML: 1250
How much incident lung cancer was missed globally in 2012? An ecological country-level study

Benn Sartorius, Kurt Sartorius

31-05-2016

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.396

2598

PDF: 1395

HTML: 1031
Associations between rocky mountain spotted fever and veterinary care access, climatic factors and landscape in the State of Arizona, USA

Yan Lin, Al Ekram Elahee Hridoy , Meifang Li, Zhe Wang, Li Luo, Xiaogang Ma, Zhuoming Liu, Murphy John, Chao Fan, Irene Ruberto, Xi Gong, Xun Shi

17-07-2025

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2025.1390

991

PDF: 501

Supplementary Materials: 99

HTML: 101
The food environment and adult obesity in US metropolitan areas

Akihiko Michimi, Michael C. Wimberly

26-11-2015

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2015.368

6211

PDF: 2845

HTML: 1225
Climate and the distribution of vector-borne diseases: what's in store?

Robert Bergquist

08-05-2017

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2017.549

3314

PDF: 1437

HTML: 849
Climate change and species distribution: possible scenarios for thermophilic ticks in Romania

Cristian DomÈ™a, Attila D. Sándor, Andrei D. Mihalca

31-05-2016

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.421

3005

PDF: 1412

HTML: 1680
Understanding the relationship between land use and land cover and malaria in Nepal

Shreejana Bhattarai, Korine N. Kolivras, Kabita Ghimire, Yang Shao

29-12-2020

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2020.855

2185

PDF: 917

HTML: 36
Geographic distribution of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in stray dogs of eastern Romania

Lavinia CiucÄƒ, Vincenzo Musella, Liviu D. Miron, Maria Paola Maurelli, Giuseppe Cringoli, Antonio Bosco, Laura Rinaldi

21-11-2016

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.499

4673

PDF: 1717

HTML: 2277
Spatial analysis of antimicrobial resistance in the environment. A systematic review

Patrick Spets, Karin Ebert, Patrik Dinnétz

25-05-2023

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2023.1168

3039

PDF: 1094

Supplementary Materials: 267

HTML: 65
Spatial analysis of the prevalence of schistosomiasis in an endemic coastal area in north-eastern Brazil

Allan D. Santos, Jonhnatas Silva, Ana Caroline Lima, Márcio Santos, Shirley Lima, Monalisa Amor, Carlos Santos, Arthur Vasconcelos, Silvio Dolabella, Karina C.G.M. Araújo

27-11-2017

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2017.570

3113

PDF: 989

HTML: 886
Air quality classification and its temporal trend in Tehran, Iran, 2002-2012

Raheleh Saniei, Ali Zangiabadi, Mohammad Sharifikia, Yousef Ghavidel

31-05-2016

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.442

4830

PDF: 1488

HTML: 2583
Future malaria spatial pattern based on the potential global warming impact in South and Southeast Asia

Hassan M. Khormi, Lalit Kumar

21-11-2016

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.416

5438

PDF: 2589

HTML: 1994
Evaluating the utility of companion animal tick surveillance practices for monitoring spread and occurrence of human Lyme disease in West Virginia, 2014-2016

Brian Hendricks, Miguella Mark-Carew, Jamison Conley

13-11-2017

https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2017.582

2677

PDF: 870

HTML: 754

1 - 72 of 72 items

© PAGEPress 2008-2026 • PAGEPress^® is a registered trademark property of PAGEPress srl, Italy • VAT: IT02125780185 • Privacy